What is Cell Phone Radiation?

Radiation is energy travelling through space in the form of waves or particles. There are several different types of radiation present in our surroundings on a day to day basis. Ionizing and Non – Ionizing are the two types of radiation. As per studies, Ionizing radiation is very harmful to human body because Ionizing rays from x-rays and nuclear energy has been proven to cause cancer. Whereas, In mobile phones Non – Ionizing radiation has been used and it doesn't have any negative effect on human bodies. But the speed at which the technology is growing our studies are not. So, what happen is, it has created doubt in many minds that, does this type of radiation is really safe for human health.

Cell Phone Radiation is a Myth or a serious threat to think about:

As I told you in upper section, there are two type of radiation Ionizing and Non – Ionizing. Ionizing radiation may cause serious threat to human beings because exposure to this type of radiation causes cells and genetic matter to mutate or change form. This can lead to various types of cancer, affecting the thyroid, breast, bladder, colon, liver, lung, esophagus, ovaries and stomach.

But there is nothing to worry about because the type of radiation which our cell phone emits is Non – Ionizing, which means it doesn't do much to human beings ( As per evidence says ). Even then many studies say that it may cause serious problem if we spend a good amount of time with our cell phones, so, the question which arises here is: -

1.           What amount of time a man have to spend every day to become a victim of this radiation.
   
   
    2.  Suppose that the daily time limit for using a cell phone is 30 min, means if a person is using a cell phone for 30 min daily, then he will become a victim of radiation. But the question which arise here is what is the minimum period (days) to become a victim to this type of radiation. Means if I am using my cell phone for 30 min daily, then to how many days or years I have to sustain this thing to be a victim of radiation.
   
   
   3.  Suppose that, I am affected by radiation, then the big question which arises here is, by which disease I would suffer ( Tumours ,Memory impairment, Cancer, Brain damage, Foetal damage ). There is no clear evidence for any of them.
   
   
   
   
   
   
   What should we do?
   There is no need to get afraid from this type of radiation because no one have a clear evidence. Many studies says it may effect human brain, memory etc... but there is no clear proof. And most importantly, many of these studies were conducted in Europe and was held nearby 2004. One thing which I want to make clear is the technology or the mobile signals which works in Europe, is very much different from India or any other country.  Another thing is that, the technology which were in use at that time, was much older then what we use today. Since 2004, mobile market and technology have been very much changed and it has pulled the user mobility experience to the next level. Now days mobile phones are much cheaper, powerful, user friendly, and eco-friendly as well. Even then, if some studies are showing this type of stuff, then what we need to do is, to take some precautionary measures because at the end of the day it is for our betterment and safety. But don't take it to seriously because if there is something found wrong in it, your country government will address you.     
         
   
   

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History of Google

Google, the leading search engine worldwide, was founded in 1998 by Stanford University graduate students Larry Page and Sergei Brin. Page and Brin had been working together on a search engine they called "BackRub" since early 1996, but with the encouragement of Yahoo! co-founder David Filo, they decided to start a company in 1998 and went looking for investors to back them. Google, Inc. was established on September 7, 1998. The founders hired Craig Silverstein - who was later to become Director of Technology - as their first employee, and started the business in a friend's garage.

In August 1998, thanks to David Cheriton, a Stanford professor, Page and Brin meet Andy Bechtolsheim, founder of Sun Microsystem and working at Cisco.

After an hour, he makes a $100,000 check to “Google Inc.” without knowing the company does not exist yet.  Andy was one of the few to see true potential of what these boys had created. During their presentation to him, Andy said he had to duck out for another meeting and offered to write them a check. The check was for $100,000 and that indeed had got things moving for them. 

In October 1998, Page and Brin convinced a friend to rent a Garage and spare room for $1700/month. They quickly added 8 phone lines, a cable modem and a DSL line. After two months, they were 8 people and they moved again in February 1999. From a first office in a garage good for small team, they moved to 165 University Ave. in Palo Alto after 5 months This is the home of many other startups including Logitech and Paypal.

In September the boys moved into the their workspace in Susan Wojcicki’s garage at 232 Santa Margarita, Menlo Park, CA. They then went on to file for incorporation in California on September 4 1998.  Shortly after completing this important task, the boys went an opened a bank account in the name of Google Inc., their newly established company, and deposited the $100,000 dollar check Andy Bechtolsheim had given them. Shortly after they have established there new business they began hiring employees. There first one was Craig Silverstein, a fellow grad student from Stanford as well.

 Early in 1999 they struck a deal with Sequoia Capitaland Kleiner Perkins for $25 million. In November 1999 Charlie Ayers joined Google as the company’s first  chef.  In April of 2000. Google announced the MentalPlex program, which envisages the software’s ability to read your mind as you visualize the search results you want. In June of 2000, Google partnered with Yahoo! to become their default search provider. Also in June they announced the first billion URL index, making Google become the world’s largest search engine. In September of 2000 they started offering searches in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean , bringing their total number of supported languages to 15. In December 2000 Google toolbar was released.

It is well known that it extremely difficult to keep on being innovative. Google has taken creative approaches: employees work in small teams (3ideally) and are free to use 20% of their working time personal projects that may become future Google Products. Google News, Froogle, Gmail have roots in this 20% time as well as Orkut.

And they do not seem to lose their humor.

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What is Nokia Symbian?

Symbian is an operating system (OS) and software platform designed for smartphones and currently maintained by Nokia.  Symbian OS has been used by a number of companies (totaling 400 million units and still making up 40% of the smart phone market) among which Sony, Ericsson (and later Sony-Ericsson), Siemens, Fujitsu, Mitsubishi, Sharp, Samsung, Nokia and a few more.
as opposed to Maemo/MeeGo and, to a lesser extent Android which are rather new software w/ still a few "baby illnesses", Symbian is a very mature platform with a proven usability and functionality record.

History

• Psion founded by David Potter inn 1980 launched the Psion Organizer, the world's first volume-produced handheld computer in 1984.
• In 1991, Psion introduces the EPOC OS (Electronic Piece Of Cheese, according to the legend).
• In 1997, Psion Series 5 - the first EPOC32 (32-bit) palmtop.
• June 1998 - Symbian is established as a private independent company and is owned by Ericsson, Nokia, Motorola and Psion. From this point onwards has EPOC OS been called Symbian OS.
• 2000
• September - Symbian ships Version 6 of its software platform to licensees.
• November - The world's first Symbian OS phone, the Ericsson R380 Smartphone, ships.
• 2001
• June - The world's first open Symbian OS phone became available - the Nokia 9210 Communicator.
• November
• Nokia introduces the Series 60 - a licensable UI for Symbian.
• The first 2.5G Symbian OS phone, the Nokia 7650, is announced. The 7650 is the first mass-market Symbian phone and it is based on the Nokia series 60 reference design.
• 2002
• February - Symbian announces UIQ user interface application for Symbian OS.
• October - Samsung licenses Symbian OS for smartphones. World’s top five mobile phone manufacturers now Symbian OS licensees.
• December - Fujitsu has completed development of a Symbian OS smartphone for NTT DoCoMo's FOMA 3G network - The F2051.
• 2003
• April - Symbian launches Symbian OS v7.0s at Exposium03.
• October - Nokia announces the first "Media" phone, the TV-enabled 7700, based on the new "Series 90".
• 2004
• February - Symbian OS v8.0 is announced.
• March - Symbian leads smartphone market.
• February 2005 - Symbian OS v9 is announced.
• 2006
• May - 100th commercial phone model ships.
• November - 100 million Symbian smartphones shipped.

Advantages

1.   Greater range of applications.
2.   High quality games.
3.   Better inbuit wap browser.
4.   You can have pdf reader for your phone.
5.   Connectivity is lot more easier and faster.
6.   Real Player, Smart movie player etc sort of application are not available with java phones.
7.   You can download big files through your phone easily with 3G around.
8.   Unlike java phones they are prone to virus attack.

Disadvantages

1.   Not suitable for phones with low RAM and slow processor (minimum requirements for good performance: 369 MHz processor, 70 MB RAM).
2.   More chances of viruses (but anti-virus applications are available).

What is Samsung BADA?

Samsung bada is a smartphone platform , which is created for wide range of device, unveiled in 2010. “bada” is a Korean word that means “ocean” and “seashore”. “bada” in itself embodies the open possibilities of the ocean: it can accommodate the various applications created by developers and it provides an interesting new space that offers unprecedented enjoyment to its users. 

History

Samsung announced the Bada platform on 10 November 2009.

After the announcement, the Wave S8500 was first shown at Mobile World Congress 2010 in Barcelonain February 2010. At that time, applications running on the first Bada phone were demonstrated, including Gameloft's Asphalt 5.

After the launch, companies such as Twitter, EA, Capcom, Gameloft and Blockbuster showed their support for the Bada platform.

In May 2010 Samsung released a beta of their software development kit (SDK) for Bada to attract developers. In addition, Samsung started the Bada Developer Challenge with a total prize of $2,700,000 (USD). In August 2010 Samsung released version 1.0 of the SDK.

The first Bada-based phone was the Samsung Wave S8500, released on June 1, 2010, which sold one million handsets in its first 4 weeks on the market.

Bada Versions

The Samsung S8500 Wave was launched with version 1.0 of the Bada operating system. Soon after the launch, Samsung released version 1.0.2, which included minor fixes for European users. It will be available for the rest of the world in the near future.  The latest version 1.2 was released with the Samsung S8530 Wave II phone.  The alpha-version of Bada 2.0 was introduced on February 15, 2011. Bada development is done using C++ with the Bada SDK and associated Eclipse-based IDE, both of which can be downloaded from the Bada Developers' site.

Advantages

1. Open source
2. Dev has freedom to make apps in c++ , flash,web runtime widgets
3. flash support
4. Number of apps is increasing.
5. Bada Os Based Mobile are cheap
6. The sets having Bada has High end procc (Wave: 1Ghz)

7. Samsung touch UI
8. Support Of many Companies (Game loft etc )

Disadvantages

1. New OS Therefore more bugs (need some time for new OS to settle)

2. The external sensor API is not open-ended, preventing new types of sensors or unexpected technology developments from being added in the future.

3. Due to "performance and privacy issues", Bada applications cannot access the SMS/MMS inbox or receive incoming SMS/MMS notifications.

4. The Bada application framework only allows one Bada application to run at a time. Multitasking applications is possible between the native applications and one Bada application^.

^{Future Prospects
I say Samsung has taken a very good step in making a New OS.}

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First Generation Mobile Network (1st Generation)

The first generation of mobile telephony (written 1G) operated using analogue communications and portable devices that were relatively large. It used primarily the following standards. In the case of AMPS, the first 1G system to start operating in the USA (in July 1978), each channel was separated from the adjacent channels by a spacing of 30 kHz, which was not particularly efficient in terms of the available radio spectrum, and this placed a limitation on the number of calls that could be made at any one time. However, the system was a multiple access one, because a second caller could use the same channel, once the first caller had hung up. Such a system is called "frequency division multiple access" (FDMA).

The technological development that distinguished the First Generation mobile phones from the previous generation was the use of multiple cell sites, and the ability to transfer calls from one site to the next as the user travelled between cells during a conversation. The first commercially automated cellular network (the 1G generation) was launched in Japan by NTT in 1979. The initial launch network covered the full metropolitan area of Tokyo's over 20 million inhabitants with a cellular network of 23 base stations. Within five years, the NTT network had been expanded to cover the whole population of Japan and became the first nation-wide 1G network.

In 1984, Bell Labs developed modern commercial cellular technology (based, to a large extent, on the Gladden, Parelman Patent), which employed multiple, centrally controlled base stations (cell sites), each providing service to a small cell area. The sites were set up so that cells partially overlapped and different base stations operated using the same frequencies with little or no interference.
Vodafone made the UK's first mobile call at a few minutes past midnight on 1 January 1985.
The technology in these early networks was pushed to the limit to accommodate increasing usage. The base stations and the mobile phones utilised variable transmission power, which allowed range and cell size to vary. As the system expanded and neared capacity, the ability to reduce transmission power allowed new cells to be added, resulting in more, smaller cells and thus more capacity. The evidence of this growth can still be seen in the many older, tall cell site towers with no antennae on the upper parts of their towers. These sites originally created large cells, and so had their antennae mounted atop high towers; the towers were designed so that as the system expanded—and cell sizes shrank—the antennae could be lowered on their original masts to reduce range.

What is 3G?

3G refers to the third generation of mobile telephony (that is, cellular) technology. It comes with enhancements over previous wireless technologies, like high-speed transmission, advanced multimedia access and global roaming. 3G is mostly used with mobile phones and handsets as a means to connect the phone to the Internet or other IP networks in order to make voice and video calls, to download and upload data and to surf the net.

Advantages of 3G 

High Bandwidth

High bandwith---the measure of transmission capacity---is one of the selling points of 3G. This allows you quick and easy access to all of your favorite online multimedia and Internet tools, just like you were at home on a computer. You can pay bills, book dinner reservations, update social networking pages and check emails, all on-the-go. While the maximum bandwidth for a stationary 3G device---according to Silicon Press---is 2.05 megabytes (MB), when you are moving slowly (such as walking), this drops to 384 kilobytes (KB). When you and your device are moving at high speeds (such as in a car), the maximum bandwidth drops to 128 KB. However, Silicon Press notes that this is still 10 times faster than the maximum bandwidth of moving 2G devices.

Greater Speed

Using 3G tech, you get to appreciate data transmission speed of up to 2 megabytes per second, as long as you have your device in a fixed position. It also provides you high level of connectivity and greater networking, plus noise resistance. The technology has raised the bit rate, allowing service providers to give high speed Internet facilities, higher call volumes and host of the multimedia applications that may be given to their customers. All of the services may be given to the consumers based upon the data amount sent and not upon the time utilized for the service, therefore the service given to customers are cheaper overall.

Getting information

Getting information is one of the best feature of 3G technology. You can also watch the latest news and headlines, getting data like the weather, sports and economic details. You get to acquire the latest scores in an ongoing Cricket match and other favorite sports. The 3G cellular phones with the very advanced feature can feature highlights of popular sports and shows. The improved quality of services and speed of 3G phones can allow you to watch music videos and movie clips with crisp and clear photos, compared to 2.5G technology phones.

Power Usages

·         In addition to being more expensive, 3G handsets also require more power than most 2G models. This extra power requirement can translate to larger batteries, shortage usage periods between recharging and more bulky handsets overall.

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